Instructions and operations说明与操作

Description说明

This section is provided to assist in the diagnosis, testing and repair of noise, vibration and squeak problems.本部分内容是为协助对噪音、震动和异响问题的诊断、测试与维修

Noise is defined as sound that is not related to the operation of equipment in the cab and is unacceptable to passengers.噪音被定义为与操作驾驶室内设备无关，且无法被乘客所接受的声音。

Vibration is defined as pulsations felt by passengers that are not caused by changes in the road surface.震动被定义为乘客所感到的非因为路面变化所造成的脉动。

Roughness is a ride quality issue, and passengers will clearly feel the reaction from the road surface.不平顺是一种乘坐品质问题，乘客会清楚的感觉到由路面上所传来的反应。

Diagnosis principle诊断原理

Diagnosis is more than just a series of related steps to solve a specific problem. It is a method of examining a system that is not functioning as it should and finding out why. It should also be able to understand how the system works and whether it is working properly. Diagnosis has some basic rules. If these rules are followed, the cause of the problem can usually be identified the first time诊断不只是依据一系列相关步骤，来解决特定的问题。它是一种检查一个未能发挥应有功能的系统并找出其原因的方法。它应同时能够了解系统是如何工作，及其是否是正常工作。诊断具有一些基本的规则。如果能够遵守这些规则，问题的原因通常在第一次就能够查出

Understand the system了解系统

Learn how parts fit together了解零件是如何组合的

Understand the operation and limitations of the system and what happens when the system fails了解系统的操作及限制，以及系统出错时会发生何种状况

Sometimes it is necessary to check potentially faulty systems against systems that are known to be good.有时必须比照已知为良好的系统来对可能存在故障的系统实施检查

Understand the history of the system了解系统的历史

Any clues about the following items can save diagnostic time:有关下列项目的任何线索均可节省诊断时间：

How current is the system?系统的新旧程度如何？

What kind of treatment has it been done?它曾经做过何种的处理？

Has it been repaired in the past, and does its current condition relate to that past repair?它是否在过去曾经维修过，而目前的状况是否与过去维修相关？

What's its maintenance record like?它的维修记录如何？

Understand the history of the condition了解状况的历史

Any clues about the following items can save diagnostic time:有关下列项目的任何线索均可节省诊断时间：

Did it happen suddenly, or did it develop gradually?它是突然发生的，或是逐渐形成的？

Is it related to other events, such as a crash or a replacement part?它是否与其他的事件有关，例如撞击或曾更换零件？

Understanding how the condition was discovered can be an important clue to the cause.了解状况是如何被发现的，这可能是找出原因的重要线索。

Understand the likelihood of certain conditions developing了解某些状况发展的可能性

Pay attention to simple questions rather than complex ones, such as:注意简单的问题，而不要注意复杂的问题，例如：

Circuit problems usually occur with the connections, not the parts themselves.电路问题通常发生在连接上，而不是零件本身。

A motor that fails to start is more likely to be caused by loose wires or small adjustments rather than mechanical failure.电机无法起动，更可能是因为导线松动或小的调整所导致，而不是机械故障所导致。

Understand the difference between impossible and unlikely. Failures in some systems, although unlikely, occur nonetheless.了解不可能与不大可能之间的差异。某些系统中的故障，虽然不大可能，但仍然发生了。

New parts are certainly new. But it does not mean that their function is necessarily good.新的零件固然是新的。但并不表示它们的功能一定是良好的。

Troubleshooting symptoms but no cause of failure排除症状但没有找到故障原因

For example, lowering the tire pressure on one front wheel may solve the problem of the vehicle leaning to one side, but this does not solve the real problem.例如：降低一个前轮的胎压，可能可以解决车辆向一侧倾斜的状况，但这并未解决其真正的故障

Confirm that the cause of the fault has been found确认故障原因已查出

Repeat the problem found重复确认所发现的问题

What causes component wear? For example:是什么导致组件的磨损？例如：

If one fixed seat of the integrated electric drive assembly is loose, it may mean that other fixed seats are also loose.集成电力驱动总成一个固定座松动，可能表示其他的固定座也松动了。

Diagnostic form诊断表

Diagnostic tables are a simple way to express basic logic and the relationship between the system. They help identify the cause of the problem in the shortest possible time. The diagnostic table combines many diagnostic scopes into one table诊断表是一种表达基本逻辑与系统之间关系的简单方法。它们有助于在最短的时间内，找出问题的原因。诊断表将许多的诊断范围，综合在一个表格内